Pros and Cons position of Federalism in Pakistan Pre-Independence of Pakistan The founder of Pakistan Quaid-i-Azam and other charismatic leaders envisaged on democracy and federal system government in Pakistan. From the platform of AIML (All India Muslim League) the Muslim’s leaders always demanded the provincial autonomy and sovereignty. If we illustrate the history of Sub-continent during the Lucknow Pact called the “Hindu Muslim unity accord” they together demanded to ensure the sovereignty of Indian people and provincial autonomy would be given all the provinces. When Jinnah offered his 14 points so he also stressed on provincial autonomy, he reiterated the future constitution of India should be federal system and should give more power to the provinces. Moreover, he argued that we would adopt federalism like United States, Canada and Australia. In Khutbah Allahabad Allama Iqbal also demanded self-government within or without under the British Empire umbrella. Similarly, on th
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Hobbes theory of state of nature
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Hobbes theory He gave the theory of social contract, to justify the power of king. He explained many things, as A. Theory of state of nature: according to Hobbes, prior to formation of state, there existed state nature. Men in state of nature were: selfish, egoistic,self interested,seeking society as means to to their ends, Naturally equal in mid; Hobbes explained, men also cherish like hope and desires.if they desire something which they can not both obtain, they become enemies and seek to destroy each other. In state of nature, men are in condition of war,of every, men against every man. In war people are fed by three psychological causes: . competition, diffidence, Glory. In this state,there is continual fear and danger of violet death,poor, nasty,solitary, brutish and short life. 1. Difference of right and wrong in state of nature: according to Hobbes,there is no difference of right and wrong in State of nature. Any of it's conception,presupposes
Books of Hobbes
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His first publication was translation in English of Thucydides history of Peloponnesian war in 1629. At the age of 86, he translated homer,s odyssey and Iiad into English. He also wrote a book of political philosophy named leviathans. Why Hobbes gave his theory. He gave his theory due to certain factors. 1. Fear of Spanish attack. 2. Fear of civil war in England. 3.constitutional crises in England
Thomas Hobbes (political science )
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Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588 in Westport near the small town of Malmesbury in England. He was born at a time when the country was passing through bad times as it was threatened by implementing attack of the Spanish armada His father was a member of the clergy. He was witness to the great political and constitutional turmoil caused by the English Civil War. After completing his studies from Oxford hobbes became a tutor to the son of William Cavendish, the royal family. through them, he met great scholars like Bacon Descartes, Galileo, etc. Works of Hobbes: He wrote comprehensively on political philosophy. By mid-century, he was claimed as " probably the greatest writer on political philosophy that English-speaking people have produced.
Suicide attack on the indian parliament (2002)
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On 13 December 2001 terrorists linked to the Pakistan-based group Laskkar-e-taiba and jaish -e-Mohammad a suicide attack on the Indian parliament under intense pressure from Washinton in January 2002 Musharraf banned these two groups and in a major new departure declared that Pakistan was not just opposed Taliban and Al Qaeda but to Islamic militancy, general Musharraf official banned these two groups Lashkar -e-Taliba and jaish-e-mohamad and other groups in practice however these two groups existed under the other name laskk-e-taiba parent organization jamaat -ud-dawa retained and expanded its large network of school and charitable organization and 2005 military encouraged played a lead role in the helping the victims of the terrible Kashmir earthquake Afghan tale a supported and they enjoyed a measure of shelter in Pakistan especially in northern Balochistan and the city of Quetta in the way Pakistan Sudan, us, Britain also support mujahideen in Afghanistan.
Religious movements and sufism in India
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Sufism The role of Sufism in the spread of Islam and the contribution made by them to the development of Muslim culture is of very great significance. With the pious mission of the true faith of Islam, numerous Sufi saints and preachers of Arabia, Syria, Samarkand, and Bukhara came to India in an early period of Muslim rule in India from 1000 to 1150. Role of Sufis Sufism appealed to the religious because of its insistence upon a deep emotional attachment to god the Sufis set an example of the piety of indifference to reach a power of service to the spiritually starved and the materially un privileged of deep sympathy for the mass of the people and of saintly behavior there influence there for was wide separated and turn to them for the satisfaction of on their spiritual yearning their influence on philosophy and poetry was profound. Sufism in India After the conquest of northern India by the Muslims various Sufi orders were established in the country, in particular, the Chishti and
Reforms of Ala-ud-din khaliji
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Espionage system (investigation system) Prohibition of intoxicating drugs treatment of the Hindus changed. Ban on parties and social gathering. Emancipation of administration from the religious domination. Revenue system. Military reforms of Ala-ud-din Increase poverty to control people land revenue record concept introduced He brought chang's in the concept of business by introducing (Tax system,fixed price of goods) Architecture: alai darwaja Dehli, jamat khana masque, Ali Minar
Civil war between North and East(1850 _ 1869)
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Causes of civil war slavery disagreement Industrialization vs agriculture modern was agarian society. State sight Slavery : union vs Confederacy. Central issue. Northern states= industrial economy southern states= agriculture economy secession it begin seceding from union after election. Ibrahim Lincoln, fearing that new administration will threaten institution of slavery Confederate states of America was formed than. Beginning of the conflict. CSA first attack on fort Sumter in s.carolina on 12, April 1861. this event marked the starting point. Union leader ; Abraham Lincoln ,G.ulysses s. Grant confederate leaders: president jaffortson Davis, G.robert E.lee. costs and casualties ; 620 soldiers killed, social economic impact. Reconstruction abolish slavery, integration, rebuild south , rise of jim crow law Law and paratice