The United Nation, history and causes of establishment

United Nations was established in 1945. When the League of Nations failed in the achievement of peace in the world. This organization is acknowledged that to be successful in its mission, it required the assistance of the world’s influential nations. The stability of this organization comes from its near-universal membership. 

Members of UN

Today 192 countries are members of the United Nations. 

Structure of the United Nation

• The general assembly

• The security council

• The secretariat

• The economic and social council

• The international court of justice

Countries that are not members of the UN

There are only six countries that do not belong; four are tiny island states in the pacific. Which are too small, and two for the political motives. These two are Taiwan, which the united nation considers part of China, and the Vatican City, which belongs to the Roman Catholic Church which is above such earthly things. Even Switzerland, which for many countries has always remained neutral, is a member state (joined in September 2002).

The General Assembly

 It is the main body of the United Nations and has 193 member countries, the latest being South Sudan. Each member country regardless of its size has one vote; tiny san Marino (Area; 61sqkm, population 25,000) and giant china (Area; 9,500,000sqkm; population; 1.34 billion) each have the same voting power.

The general assembly undertakes all major discussions and decisions about issues that are raised for consideration; it also provides a plate form for countries to present ideas and debate issues the general assembly meets annually in a regular session, but special meetings are also called to deal with emergencies or specific urgent issues. A new president is elected at every regular session to preside over the assembly. 

The Security Council;

It is an extensively powerful body, a kind of cabinet for the united nations. It has five permanent members ( China, Russia, France, the USA, and the UK because these countries were the most encompassed in world war 2, and 15 other members were elected to the general assembly for two years. these are chosen to represent all types of states; Africa and Asia have five members each; Latin America has two; eastern Europe has one, and there are two for the rest of the world western Europe, and the USA. the assembly tries to get a balance among rich, poor, large, and small nations. the security council is the main driving body of the united nation; it puts ideas, which have to be proved by the general assembly. If the matter is an urgent war for example a special meeting of the general assembly. The decisions of the security council are binding on all un member countries. 

The secretariat

 The security council and the general assembly make decisions but a large number of officials and civil servants need to plan them in detail and carry them out. THIS body is called the secretariat, and its head is the secretary-general, who has the most important job in the world. He was formally chosen by the general assembly, after nomination by the security council, for a five-year team . he is in effect the UN prime minister, tradition that he is chosen by the smallest countries, and as far as possible,  those which are not closely linked to any of the major powerful political states. The present secretary-general is Antonio Guterres, former prime minister of Portugal; previous secretaries have been from the public of Korea, Norway, Sweden, Burma, Australia Peru Egypt, and Ghana. When troops are needed for peacekeeping missions and sometimes actual fighting, the secretary-general asks countries if they are willing to supply.