Learning time

Constitutional crises in Pakistan  The constitution is a set of basic laws and frameworks for the administration and training of political power and legal authority.it distributes power equally in the country.  The constitution has priority over common regulations and cannot be shifted like common laws. The Government Act (1935) was revised and promulgated in Pakistan. The elected members in the 1946 elections made the first Constituent Assembly that faced terrible situations.  Major Issues  The major issue that the constitution assembly faced is discussed below. Federalism  Representation S separate or Joint Electorate  National Language controversy Parliamentary/ Presidential foam of government  Pakistan would be Islamic or secular Federalism Federalism is meant to adjust such kind of diversity strengthening the unity of the state. Pakistan also faced the issue of federalism after its inception. the major issue with Pakistan was that it comprised of two wings; East Pakistan and West

Six points of Mujeeb-ur-Rehman  First pronounced on February 12,  1966, the six points are as below:   The Constitution should contribute  for a Federation of Pakistan in the  true sense based on the  Lahore Resolution and for a  parliamentary form of government  based on the supremacy of a  directly elected legislature on the  basis of universal adult franchise.  The Federal Government shall  deal with only two subjects;  Defense and Foreign Affairs. All  residuary subjects will be granted in  the federating states.  There should be either two  separate, freely exchangeable  currencies for the two Wings, or one  currency with two separate reserve  banks to avoid inter-Wing flight of  capital.  4 The authority of taxation and  revenue collection shall be granted in  the federating units. The Federal  The government will obtain a share to  meet its financial responsibilities.   End Economic dissimilarities between the two Wings through a  series of economic, fiscal, and formal  reforms.

What is Local government Local self-government is an effective method of administrating local areas. It is encouraged in modern times because it is more closed to common people. Moreover, it benefits a marginalized segment of society by encouraging their participation in the decision-making process at the local level. Functions of responsible local government. Responsible Local Governance is not just about providing a range of local services, but also about achieving true participation. It encourages civic dialogue and supports sustainable local development.  It promotes outcomes that enrich the quality of life of the people. Whether or not the enacted systems are capable of achieving these notions of good local governance is yet to be seen . Features of Local Government Local finance  One of the main duty of local government is to unite its finance, to cover the cost of the services which it has to deliver to local people. however, the finance is obtained is from two sources; local te

 18 Amendment 18 amendment in the constitution of 1973 has great significance because it has gave all the powers to prime minister and left presidents like a  toothless Tiger.in 18 atrial 2018 two third majority of national assembly voted it favor of it, President Asif Ali safari signed it in 19 April 2010. Major changes that brought to Constitution through 18 amendments. It returns power to parliamentarians by removing article 58(2b). Most amendment legacy of 18 amendments is the recruitment of national finance commission award. Agreement to rename NWFP as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa settled on the old desire of people living in that province. It also encompassed various human rights articles in the Constitution. Appointment of the mechanism judges in a supreme court, high court, and Shariat court is changed. It added a clause in the constitution which says "An act of high treason should not be verified by any court including supreme Court and the high court" The appointment mechanis

Pakistan India is a sister country that shares a similar history, civilization, and somehow socio-culture bonds. But the two nations since their inception are hostile toward each other.  The first major issue which emerged between the two is the Kashmir issue, which becomes a stronger hostile wall between the two. The two did their best two solve the issue but not succeeded.  The second main reason Of their hostility toward each other and failure in cracking the Kashmir issue according to some sources are Superpowers counties like China, the USSR, and the Us. these countries instead of taking any step to solve the issue, plopping the two against each other. The third major issue which emerged between the two is the water issue which is also due to the irresponsible attitude of the red calif. He didn't divide water resources between the two and left a reason for animosity between them. After the independence, India cut the water resources of Pakistan and did not agree to it back the

Golodas park  This is the nicest to visit if you are from Gilgit Baltistan or want to visit Gilgit Baltistan. This place is known as a Golodass park. The word Golodass is a  Khowar Language term "Gol" means Divine and "Das" means Barren Land in the local language. This park is in a village located In District Ghizer Tehsil Punial Gilgit Baltistan. This village is at two hours distance from Gilgit City towards the northwest on inshkoman road.  This park is one of the very glamorous places in Ghizer, which is recently designed. Mainly natives visited when they find leisure time to get some fresh air and tourists often tour it, especially when they return from the Shandor polo festival in summer.  If you visit it in summer you feel like you are in Switzerland. Moreover, in food, you will find a unique taste in fish meat with other local food. locals confessed that once visitors taste the food they confess that this is more taste than KFC  "fried chicken" and

Structure of local self government and provincial government under  General Pervez Musharaf  Outline Local self government Provincial Government of Pakistan Cabinet Chief Minister Governor Qualification of chief minister and Governor Acting Governor Duration of Provincial Assembly Restriction on discussion in Provincial Assembly Advocate-General for a Province Relation between Governor and Chief Minister Provincial Assembly general, reserved seats Functions of responsible local government Local self government of Mushraf Era Local government of Pakistan (1947-2008) Mushraf in power Local government District Council Teshil council Union Council Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) Provincial Local Government Commissions 18th amendment Conclusion Structure of local self government and provincial government of General Pervez Musharaf  Provincial Government of Pakistan Pakistan's four provinces enjoy considerable autonomy. Each province ha

 Russia Ukraine         conflict  The conflict between Russia and Ukraine started on 25 February 2022 when Russia deployed 17000 army forces near the border of  Ukraine on the north, south, and east side. After the conflict European and western diplomacy become also active on that. It is a continuation that emerged when showed an unfriendly posture toward Russia and friendly toward western powers. From where the war starts  Crimen peninsula  The conflict between Russia and Ukraine Started when USSR invade, the Crimean peninsula which is in Eastern Europe and the territory of Ukraine, and made it part of Ussr. After the end of the war on the crimen peninsula, these clashes did not come to an end, western powers like the US, EU, and Ukraine blame the USSR for sponsoring rebels in the east of Ukrainian that have started a civil war in Ukraine. USSR claim and world suggestion to it  the world called it an invasion but not USSR  called it a tendency to protect the rights of Russian ethnic g

Christopher Marlow truly says; ‘all live to die and rise to fall’ which reflects from the ebb and flow of English department of NUML; once considered as one of the best departments in Pakistan, due to its towering faculties and profound administration. The quality, nonetheless, seems deteriorate from last few years, due to various fundamental issues, which is truly, a matter of concern for its policy makers. In-fact, the essence of this write-up is not only root-out its key plights for the declination of its worth, but also attempts to trace out various structural and administrative flaws, so that the policymakers, particularly our honorable Rector redefine their approaches-we need to polish the skills of teachers and students, rather than to polish the walls and buildings; we must need to invest on students rather than on stones, indeed, the real beauty is only skin deep. Similar to the rest of my fellows, I have started my journey of NUML as a student of Bs English, Literature and Li

Novel                                    Fourty rules of love AUTHOR                                  Elif  shafak Published by                  Jumhoori publication Pakistan              Novel   character                    Ellin, moulana rumi, shamas tabarazi, The novel forty rules of love written by Turkish author eliff shafak . She writes in both  Turkish, and English and has published seventeen books, eleven of which are novels. Her work has been translated into fifty languages She got high popularity to written the  novel forty rules of love was published in 2009.  Her popular novel are pinhan, mahrem and forty rules of love . Elif  shafak written the novel forty rules of love In Turkish languaguge which is know  the name of ASK  but later it was translate into Urdu language.        THE novel forty rules of love is consists of two parts the first one is about ellan unhappily married jewish house wife living in Northampton, Massachuseets with his husband and three children’s.  she

Objectification Of Feminine Body Ii Manto's Short Story The Insult: Feminist Critique It is the law of nature those who have power rule the weak and sometimes the powerful makes such rules that the other category also suffers. So, human being lives in a society that is divided into certain divisions called class, race, ethnicity, political and social power, and gender; where societies have divided people into male and female gender. Literature being a representative of human society has always produced and discussed these ideas in different ways.  The present study has attempted in finding the objectification of females through the perspective of feminism in the short story “The Insult” by Saadat Hasan Manto. This study has incorporated the method of textual analysis, through the lens of Martha Nussbaum and Rae Langton about the feminist perspective on objectification. This study has found that men who are in power are making patriarchal rules to control women, categorize women, an

Gilgit-Baltistan and Provisional Province status. Gilgit Baltistan the land of beauty Gilgit Baltistan has a unique geographical, cultural, traditional, political and social history on the world map. If we talk about politics here, an endless series of political ups and downs has been going on for decades. The people of G-B celebrate their independence day on November 1 every year. The point is that our forefathers liberated the region by defeating the Dogra-Raj in the worst possible way.  And for fifteen days established a separate state called the Islamic Republic of Gilgit . Its president was Shah Rees Khan. According to history, the people of that time joined Pakistan unconditionally on November 16. One thing also remember that Gilgit-Baltistan was consist of different states of these, Hunza, State and Nagar State and at that time Gilgit were called agencies. So Baltistan became independent in 1948. Also the people of Diamer conditionally annexed Pakistan 1952. After November 16, P

IMRANKHAN GOVERNMENT Introduction On 25 July 2018 general elections were held to elect members of national and provincial assemblies. Imran khan's party won and become the pm of Pakistan. He formed governments in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He introduced various reforms in Pakistan. IMRAN KHAN SERVICES FOR Pakistan Agriculture reforms  Loans were donated to the farmers to develop the agriculture sector. Paved roads were constructed from the field to the commercial markets. Education reforms  A modern curriculum was composed of the principle of one national curriculum. Education reforms were based on a three-phase first   uniform curriculum and books were introduced for grate 1 to 5. second phase curriculum and books for grades 6 to 8, third phase curriculum and books for 9 to 12  The new curriculum is based on promoting creativity, morality, and patriotism. It was announced that it will discouraged Traditional rote learning systems.  Industrial reforms  In Pakistan when the PTI

 Pros and Cons position of Federalism in Pakistan  Pre-Independence of Pakistan  The founder of Pakistan Quaid-i-Azam and other charismatic leaders envisaged on democracy and federal system government in Pakistan. From the platform of AIML (All India Muslim League) the Muslim’s leaders always demanded the provincial autonomy and sovereignty. If we illustrate the history of Sub-continent during the Lucknow Pact called the “Hindu Muslim unity accord” they together demanded to ensure the sovereignty of Indian people and provincial autonomy would be given all the provinces. When Jinnah offered his 14 points so he also stressed on provincial autonomy, he reiterated the future constitution of India should be federal system and should give more power to the provinces. Moreover, he argued that we would adopt federalism like United States, Canada and Australia.  In Khutbah Allahabad Allama Iqbal also demanded self-government within or without under the British Empire umbrella. Similarly, on th

 Introduction Background Session of Indian national congress 1st session (1885) 2nd session (1886) 3rd session Objectives of Indian congress and Muslims 6 Sir Syed Ahmad khan and Muslim nationalism Sir Sayed two nation theory and Muslim Indian national congress Sir Syed and Indian national congress demands  Demands for representation  Competitive examinations  Official language Sir sayed Muhammadan defense Alliance(1893) Partition of Bengal • Muslim reaction • Hindus reaction Conclusion Introduction  India national congress party formed by British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume in 1885.in initial day the party was not found to demand independence from British ruler it was establish to enroll educated Indian people and want to use it as a safety valve against struggle of freedom Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of British India when party was formed. one of the major reason behind to the establishment Indian national congress is illbert