Suez canal crisis

Introduction 

The crises began on July 26, 1956 when the Egyptian president gamal abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez canal.its was a important mark in the history of geopolitics of twenty century. When Suez canal was nationalized  British, French,Israeli invasion of Egypt was happened.

History of Suez canal

In 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained a concession from said pasha the khedive of Egypt and Sudan to creat a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations. The company was to operate the canal for 99 years from its opening.

It's length was 1933km(120.1miles). It's construction began 25 September 1859.It was completed 17 Nov 1869.

In 1875 Ismail pasha sell his 44% of share to British government to pay off his debt.local unrest against the pasha descion caused the British to invade in 1882 and to take full control of Egypt as well as canal security.normally Egypt was part of ottoman empire. nominal independence of Egypt happened in 1922.

In 1936 UK signed a deal with Egypt to keep it's military station in the canal zone till 1956, unrest against British in the canal zone happened, behind the coup army officer of Egypt involved, due to which king of Egypt removed from power.

Gamal abdel Nasser become president of Egypt in 1956 to 70, he was proponent of pan arab unity. He introduced a series of major socialist steps and modernized reforms in Egypt.

In 1954 the Egyptian military pressurized the British to end their military presence form canal zone.nasser, armed force also engaged in sporadic battle with Israeli solders along the border between the two countries. Nasser was also trying to develop close relation with the soviet nation.moreover he angered UK and France by natuonaling Suez canal.

In 22-24 october 1956 an agreement reached between the government of Israel, France and UK. Where it was decided that joint political and military collusion to topple Nasser by invading the Suez canal zone.

There planed that Israeli would attack Egypt in the Sinai later British and France would invade on the pretext of protecting the canal. In the end British and france took the area around Suez canal. However they succeeded militarily and failed politically.

Reaction of the world 

1. Us imposed economic sanctions on Israel until it fully withdrawal from suez canal.

2.Us devalue pound to punish uk

3. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev started threatening and said that they rain down neculear missile on west Europe if the Israel ,french and British did not withdrawal.

Conclusion

Us remove UK and France troops from Egypt and gave Suez canal to Egypt back.